A Historical Study of the Indonesian Diplomatic Behavior and Its Implications: Be Neutral or Take sides? Wei Hong Abstract：At the beginning of the Cold War, Indonesia put forward an "independent and active" foreign policy be⁃ cause of the historical memory of engagement with great powers and the need to promote domestic political unity. The neutral diplomacy was initiated by Indonesia between the two Ccold War blocs. Indonesia's neutral foreign policy has not been equidistant balanced diplomacy. It had different preferences in different periods: from 1947 to 1952, it was pro-Western neutrality; from 1953 to 1962, it was pro-Eastern neutrality. Indonesia gradually shifted from pro-Eastern neutrality to siding, from 1963 to 1965. The evolution of Indonesia's foreign policy orientation de⁃ pends on the definition of its diplomatic goals and roles by the ruling elite in different periods and the response of the great powers to their goals and roles. Indonesia strived to maintain a balance between independence and prag⁃ matism. The wooing policy of great powers provided space for it to vacillate under the framework of neutralism. As the policies of the great powers continue to squeeze its wiggle room, Indonesia will put pragmatism first, taking sides to achieve its intended goals. KeyWords：Indonesia; neutral diplomacy; competition of great powers; foreign policy of Indonesia